Then and Now the Changing Paradigms of Special Education...

Running head: SPECIAL EDUCATION ASSESSMENT Then and Now: The Changing Paradigms of Special Education Assessments Michelle Walker Grand Canyon University: September 12, 2012 Then and Now: The Changing Paradigms of Special Education Assessments All school aged children who are currently enrolled among the many school districts and systems ranging from, ages 3 to 21, have been provided with an enormous opportunity to have rights, which ensure these children to receive a Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) throughout the United States. We as a society have acknowledged that the many children having an intellectual disability require special education services such as, Individual Education Plans (IEPs),†¦show more content†¦However, the assessments for these preschoolers, infants and toddlers were not correct or appropriate because of the instruments that were used to diagnose these children were not accurate. Furthermore, the person conducting the assessments was considered to be a stranger to these children and this would have the children feeling uncomfortable while being assessed. On the other hand these children were not identified c learly but were however, accepted into the earlier programs for special educational services. Situations like these have paved the way for the laws of IDEA, 2004, so that these federal mandates would form and shape the special educational services to make the determinations for any and all requirements of children having special needs. IDEA, 2004 has set guidelines and requirements that were mandated to determine the eligibility of children having special needs. The requirements of having a present disability before any services would be rendered with the required usage of the appropriate and proper instruments for diagnosing and procedures for children with special needs (IDEA, 2004). Neglecting the promises of the Brown v. Board of Education, the segregation is active and symptomless in current schoolShow MoreRelatedThen and Now: The Changing Paradigms of Special Education Assessment1816 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ ELL Proficiency Standards Anelyse Belsom Grand Canyon University: ESL-533N April 16, 2014 I) ELL Stage II: Grades 1-2 (Listening and Speaking) A)Per-Emergent Level – This student is at the level of no communication in English. 1)To help this student learn how to speak and listen in the English language this student needs to learn how to say a new object in English. This will help the student to start to practicing their English and itRead MoreDevelopment Of Exceptional And Special Needs Children Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pages governments and other officials are being faced with the task of ensuring that quality early childhood education is provided. This essay seeks to discuss teachers’ expectations, sensitivities, priorities and values that contribute to the quality of all pupils learning and explore the extent to which policies in St. Vincent and the Grenadines supports the development of exceptional and special needs children. The expectations of professionals impact directly on children’s motivation, self-esteemRead MoreSpecial Education Laws And Policies Essay2321 Words   |  10 PagesInvolvement/Home-school Connection, and Cultural Responsiveness in Special Education. Some individuals familiar with these topics and their stand point on Special Needs Education and others have are clueless. It is imperative to â€Å"be in the know† of Special Education laws and policies. Part of what makes everything so confusing is the way the legal process works. First, Congress passes a law. For example, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was most recently reauthorized in 2004. At thatRead MoreReasoning Skills for Leaders1699 Words   |  7 Pageswestern worship of individualism and self pursuit, and so traditionally neglected emotion within the workplace; a view that Japanese management consider to be â€Å"elitist, technical and not too pragmatic† (Kimura and Yoshimori 198 9, 22). Whilst there is now greater agreement in western organisations that successful managers and leaders require more than just technical knowledge and defensible, rational thinking, there is still a significant acceptance of poor people skills and the neglect of emotion toRead MoreEntrepreneurs Face When Building And Running Their Businesses4980 Words   |  20 Pagesdistinction. 4 4. What is a paradigm? How does a paradigm stifle creativity? 5 5. Work with a small group of your classmates to identify a local competitor business of Coopers that is bound by a paradigm. What impact is this paradigm having on the business? Identify the paradigm and then generate as many creative suggestions as you can that would change the paradigm. 5 6. After doing your research what do you do to suggest the Coopers on the application of mental models or paradigms recognise effects whichRead MoreThe True Essence Of Being Great Essay6020 Words   |  25 Pages2 of the Department of Education in partnership with De La Salle University, the Philippines-Australia Human Resource and Organisational Development Facility (PAHRODF), Eugenio Lopez Center (ELC) and Knowledge Channel. According to Secretary Br. Armin A. Luistro, FSC, SLP is a journey with the generals expected to be the frontliners of the entire transformation initiative of the department. Eugenio Lopez Center is the place for that dream to transform the kind of education we have in the PhilippinesRead MoreAutomated Enrollment System2760 Words   |  12 Pages the minds of every people particularly those in the offices need to make working condition better. As the result, modern technology has been beginning certain advantages like ways in the faster file maintenance and management. Now that the development is as fast as the times goes-by, the province of Occidental Mindoro increases more school, especially the High School almost in every barangay is have a High School. The San Jose National High School (SJNHS) is oneRead MoreInformation Security Risk Management2820 Words   |  12 Pagesstrengths and weaknesses of existing methodologies as such, with a few venturing as far as comparative analysis of key features of the methodologies covered in their respective studies. Quantitative Approach The quantitative approach to risk assessment is based on exact numerical values, where function variables have precise values. The value of a resource is typically displayed in monetary units. Vulnerabilities, threats and impacts in the event of realization are displayed as an Exposure FactorRead MoreOverview. When Considering Leadership Studies, The Research7695 Words   |  31 Pagesresearch is quite prolific.Leadership occurs in every facet of social dynamics to varying degrees. In education, specifically elementary and secondary education, the hierarchical approach of a top down leadership style has been the accepted norm with the principal as the figurehead of the school.In the past, the principal served the role of a manager and not a leader.However, in today’s changing educational climate of accountability and high stakes testing, the principal’s role has evolved to oneRead MoreThe Benefits of Progress Monitoring and Assessment on Pupil Performance16691 Words   |  67 PagesThe benefits of progress monitoring and assessment on pupil performance Abstract This paper is about the programs and systems that are designed to track the progress of pupils of different age groups. The major emphasis is laid on how it affects the kids and their academic performance. The benefit of these programs is also highlighted in this paper encouraging their use in schools worldwide. The definitions and terms used in pupil performance and their tracking have been adequately explained. Then and Now The Changing Paradigms of Special Education... ELL Proficiency Standards Anelyse Belsom Grand Canyon University: ESL-533N April 16, 2014 I) ELL Stage II: Grades 1-2 (Listening and Speaking) A)Per-Emergent Level – This student is at the level of no communication in English. 1)To help this student learn how to speak and listen in the English language this student needs to learn how to say a new object in English. This will help the student to start to practicing their English and it will help them formulate the English language and will into help them to speak in English. B)Emergent Level – This student is able to understand a little bit in English and can conduct a conversation nut very little. 1) This student still†¦show more content†¦Student also starts to decode comprehension when reading. 1) A student at this level should keep reading everyday so they can advance to the next level. A student at this level should find something that he/she is interested so they will keep reading everyday. High Intermediate – At this level the student needs contextual clues to comprehend reading. The student is starting to read English fluently. 1)This student is a little bit more advised at this level. The student should read everyday but one thing to help the student is to have this student look up a word in a childrens dictionary. Once the student finds the word then the student should read the definition. III)ELL Stage II: Grades 1-2 (Writing) Pre-Emergent – This student in this level is able to identify letters. This student might be able to write their name. 1) To help this student to learn how to write is to have this student trace letters. This student should start with the letter A to trace and then the next step would be to have the student write the letter a on their own. Once the student has completed this step then the next step would be B and then so on and so on. Emergent – This student is able to not only write words, this student can write sentences a this level. 1) This student should be given simple sentences to write. This student should write a simple sentence about their day. Basic – A student at thisShow MoreRelatedThen and Now: the Changing Paradigms of Special Education Assessments1637 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: SPECIAL EDUCATION ASSESSMENT Then and Now: The Changing Paradigms of Special Education Assessments Michelle Walker Grand Canyon University: September 12, 2012 Then and Now: The Changing Paradigms of Special Education Assessments All school aged children who are currently enrolled among the many school districts and systems ranging from, ages 3 to 21, have been provided with an enormous opportunity to have rights, which ensure these children to receive a FreeRead MoreDevelopment Of Exceptional And Special Needs Children Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pages governments and other officials are being faced with the task of ensuring that quality early childhood education is provided. This essay seeks to discuss teachers’ expectations, sensitivities, priorities and values that contribute to the quality of all pupils learning and explore the extent to which policies in St. Vincent and the Grenadines supports the development of exceptional and special needs children. The expectations of professionals impact directly on children’s motivation, self-esteemRead MoreSpecial Education Laws And Policies Essay2321 Words   |  10 PagesInvolvement/Home-school Connection, and Cultural Responsiveness in Special Education. Some individuals familiar with these topics and their stand point on Special Needs Education and others have are clueless. It is imperative to â€Å"be in the know† of Special Education laws and policies. Part of what makes everything so confusing is the way the legal process works. First, Congress passes a law. For example, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was most recently reauthorized in 2004. At thatRead MoreReasoning Skills for Leaders1699 Words   |  7 Pageswestern worship of individualism and self pursuit, and so traditionally neglected emotion within the workplace; a view that Japanese management consider to be â€Å"elitist, technical and not too pragmatic† (Kimura and Yoshimori 198 9, 22). Whilst there is now greater agreement in western organisations that successful managers and leaders require more than just technical knowledge and defensible, rational thinking, there is still a significant acceptance of poor people skills and the neglect of emotion toRead MoreEntrepreneurs Face When Building And Running Their Businesses4980 Words   |  20 Pagesdistinction. 4 4. What is a paradigm? How does a paradigm stifle creativity? 5 5. Work with a small group of your classmates to identify a local competitor business of Coopers that is bound by a paradigm. What impact is this paradigm having on the business? Identify the paradigm and then generate as many creative suggestions as you can that would change the paradigm. 5 6. After doing your research what do you do to suggest the Coopers on the application of mental models or paradigms recognise effects whichRead MoreThe True Essence Of Being Great Essay6020 Words   |  25 Pages2 of the Department of Education in partnership with De La Salle University, the Philippines-Australia Human Resource and Organisational Development Facility (PAHRODF), Eugenio Lopez Center (ELC) and Knowledge Channel. According to Secretary Br. Armin A. Luistro, FSC, SLP is a journey with the generals expected to be the frontliners of the entire transformation initiative of the department. Eugenio Lopez Center is the place for that dream to transform the kind of education we have in the PhilippinesRead MoreAutomated Enrollment System2760 Words   |  12 Pages the minds of every people particularly those in the offices need to make working condition better. As the result, modern technology has been beginning certain advantages like ways in the faster file maintenance and management. Now that the development is as fast as the times goes-by, the province of Occidental Mindoro increases more school, especially the High School almost in every barangay is have a High School. The San Jose National High School (SJNHS) is oneRead MoreInformation Security Risk Management2820 Words   |  12 Pagesstrengths and weaknesses of existing methodologies as such, with a few venturing as far as comparative analysis of key features of the methodologies covered in their respective studies. Quantitative Approach The quantitative approach to risk assessment is based on exact numerical values, where function variables have precise values. The value of a resource is typically displayed in monetary units. Vulnerabilities, threats and impacts in the event of realization are displayed as an Exposure FactorRead MoreOverview. When Considering Leadership Studies, The Research7695 Words   |  31 Pagesresearch is quite prolific.Leadership occurs in every facet of social dynamics to varying degrees. In education, specifically elementary and secondary education, the hierarchical approach of a top down leadership style has been the accepted norm with the principal as the figurehead of the school.In the past, the principal served the role of a manager and not a leader.However, in today’s changing educational climate of accountability and high stakes testing, the principal’s role has evolved to oneRead MoreThe Benefits of Progress Monitoring and Assessment on Pupil Performance16691 Words   |  67 PagesThe benefits of progress monitoring and assessment on pupil performance Abstract This paper is about the programs and systems that are designed to track the progress of pupils of different age groups. The major emphasis is laid on how it affects the kids and their academic performance. The benefit of these programs is also highlighted in this paper encouraging their use in schools worldwide. The definitions and terms used in pupil performance and their tracking have been adequately explained.

Insider Threats - 4046 Words

EE8084: Cyber Security Topic: Insider Threat Detection and Management ABSTRACT Insider threats are considered as one of the most serious security problems in many studies and have received considerable attention among organizations over the world. This report will present the term â€Å"insider† and â€Å"insider threats† in cyber security, motives and effects of insider threats, underlying issues and causes of insider threats, prevention and detection of insider threats and management of insider threats within the organizations. The report will include case studies of malicious insider threats on IT sabotage and fraud as well as oblivious insider threats with analysis and discussions. 1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, countries around†¦show more content†¦Continuous Logging Many companies have already implemented continuous logging and centralized secure log server with restricted access to very few people. This could be used to detect and investigate changes that occur infrequently such as changes to operating system files, scripts and executable services. All these changes could come in the form of software patches that could be pushed down either from the server done by the system administrator or possibly malicious insiders who tried to modify the system to their own needs. As some computer system contain sensitive data, such as the client database and company portfolio, companies actually exercise control of the transfer of data from the system to removable storage devices such as flash drive and portable hard disk by coming up with a logging system. Another way is to do auditing on various areas and keeping records of them. Possible things that companies audit on their secure systems include the following: * Access to backup information and result s of backup and recovery tests. * Database transactions to detect unauthorized access and modification of data. * Data access and modification for all tables in a database. * Individual actions for all users who have privileged accounts, i.e. Access to confidential data or access the secure system server. * Physical access to the secure system server attempts.Show MoreRelatedThe Threat Of Insider Threats1917 Words   |  8 PagesThe threat of insider threats within our company is made possible by emerging technologies. It is important that a security polices and training be required to assist in preventing these threats from occurring. Insider threats come from people who attempt to gain access to our systems in order to cause problems to our organization. It has been estimated that insider threats make up to 30% of all major security breaches. These threats include sabotage, theft, fraud, black mail, and violent actionsRead MoreInsider Attacks : The Threat Of An Insider Attack1183 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Insider attacks are one of the leading causes of data breaches and it remains one of the hardest to protect against. Given the amount of computer and internet usage in most modern companies, Information Security is a fast growing industry. There are a number of ways a company s network could be compromised. However, one of the leading threats a company faces is the threat of an insider attack. This paper will focus on understanding what insider attack is and the different types of attacksRead MoreInsider Threat Analysis1345 Words   |  5 Pages Insider Threat Analysis In many insider crimes, managers and other coworkers observed that the offenders had exhibited signs of stress, disgruntlement, or other issues, but no alarms were raised. Barriers to using such psychosocial indicators include the inability to recognize the signs and the failure to record the behaviors so that they can be assessed. A psychosocial model was developed to assess an employee’ s behavior associated with an increased risk of insider abuse. The modelRead MoreInsider Threat - Then and Now1903 Words   |  8 Pages Defining the Threat Insider threats are not a new phenomenon in the history of the world or the United States. Sun Tzu, the famous Chinese General and author of the famous treatise The Art of War, believed that obtaining information through the use of spies made certain â€Å"great achievements.† The use of spies continued in from the Roman Empire to the strategic victories in World War II (Zurcher, 2013). In the United States, the mainstream media popularized spying with figures like James Bond,Read MoreHow An Insider Can Be A Threat1887 Words   |  8 Pages INSIDERS Bolingbrook, Illinois Prepared for Illinois Institute of Technology And Ray Trygstad Prepared by ITMS Student Sultan Baig September 15, 2014 Abstract Insider is an employee who have access to company’s resources, has right to represent assets, and liberty to make decisions about them. An insider tag cannot be enforced only upon CEOs or senior level managers; instead, an insider can be anyone at any level who works or have worked for a company. The goal of this researchRead MoreInsider Threat : Security Review Analysis1072 Words   |  5 PagesInsider Threat - Security Review Analysis [INSERT A COVER PAGE FOR PROFESSIONALISM] It is important for a company to set up regulations and protocols in order to help prevent the potential risk of an insider attack. It is unusual for one to fathom that an attack could happen from the inside instead of the outside, which is what usually puts most companies and groups off guard for the more commonly occurring attacks which come from within. That said, your company appears to have some holesRead MoreMaking Decisions For An Organization903 Words   |  4 Pagesright choices are crucial to an organization in order to address important issues and to produce positive outcomes. Often time’s smaller decisions help figure out the bigger picture. For instance, in the movie The Insider Wigand had to decide whether becoming a whistleblower was worth the threat to himself and his family. Ultimately by the time the movie begins, NBC producer and journalist Lowell Bergman had already made up his mind to expose Brown Williamson. Unfortunately, even he wasn’t prep aredRead More Critique of Movie The Insider Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesCritique of Movie The Insider A dramatization of 1995 events in which the tobacco industry allegedly covered up proof that nicotine is addictive and harmful. When Brown and Williamson executive Jeffrey Wigand (Crowe) tries to expose the industrys cover-up, he is threatened into silence. He eventually gets his story to 60 Minutes producer Lowell Bergman (AL Pacino), but CBS decides against airing it due to political and economic pressures, and the threat of lawsuit from Brown and WilliamsonRead More Kant’s Practical Imperative in the Film The Insider Essay719 Words   |  3 Pageshimself or herself. No human being should be thought of or used merely as a means for someone else end. Dr. Jeffrey Wigand the main protagonist of â€Å"The Insider† portrays himself to be a conflicted individual as he makes decisions throughout the movie. Against an undetermined future, he ruminates about what he knows is right for example, receiving threats, the phone ringing at odd hours. He makes most of his decisions b y weighing the cost and benefits, which may be referred to as Kant’s principle theRead MoreA Whistle Blower With A Strong Moral Compass1242 Words   |  5 Pageslifelong smokers, and Wigand learned that some of the additives were causing cancer in lab mice. Tobacco companies knew about the dangers of their products, but they were intentionally hiding it from the public. Once Wigand identified this serious threat to the users of their product, he completed his own research, wrote internal memos, and notified executives about the dangers of the product. While he looked for ways to address and fix the problem, tobacco executives did not want to remove the additives

Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility in Business

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility in Business. Answer: Introduction: Corporate Social Responsibility is the general term that emphasizes both the responsibility of an organization to make money and the responsibility to interact with the surrounding and operating community ethically (Carroll 2015). It is the concept of that responsibility that is meant to earn profit while playing a major role in broadening the community welfare. The aim of the paper is to focus on the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility and how major companies in the recent sphere are utilizing CSR activities to build a positive image of the Company in the society. In addition to this, a number of Companies carrying out CSR activities will also be highlighted in the paper. Literature review: CSR theories and its related approaches are mostly focused on social realities including economics, political, social integration as well as ethics. These approaches are observed in the social system as a goal to attain social integration and pattern maintenance or latency. As commented by Samuelson and Anderson (2014), a corporation can be considered as an artificial person in law who has some rights and responsibilities towards the society. It has to be understood that not only the humans have certain social responsibility but the organizations operating in the social sphere as well. In this respect, a number of theories can be explained here. Instrumental theories of CSR: In the view point of Zentes et al. (2017), CSR is a strategic tool for achieving economic objectives that will ultimately create wealth generation in the particular organization. Friedman has put forwarded his view on the same approach that the only responsibility of a business body is to maximize the profit marginality of the business and increase the profit of the shareholders. Again, Korschun et al. (2014) pointed out that with the increasing practice of wealth domination, the managerial concept of responsibility has changed to a large extent. The concept of making profit should align with the motives and intension of the stakeholders as well. Carrying out various kinds of corporate social responsibilities will ultimately result in creating a good reputation as well as relationship with the stakeholders of the Company (Samuelson and Anderson 2014). The instrumental theories state the following three major factors related to the improving situation of the environment and the societ y. Maximizing the shareholder value: The major motive behind a corporation is to maximize the value of the stakeholders (Cornelissen 2014). In order to create a long term interest of the corporation, it is vital to devote certain resources for the sake of improving the present situation of the environment where the particular organization operates. A strategy to achieve competitive advantage: CSR activities often contribute to create a long term social objective that ultimately leads to the situation of achieving a competitive advantage over the other existing organizations. The Porter model on the competitive advantage states that CSR activities often create greater social values than the individual donor or the government of the particular place (Singh 2016). This is a kind of philanthropic investment that the organizations need to make that will ultimate lead them a competitive advantage in the major areas of operations. Strategy to attract the bottom of the economic pyramid: In the view point of Cheng et al. (2014), in order to gain more profit, most business strategies are focused on targeting the products on the upper and the middle-class people. However, it has to be understood that there remains a large proportion of population who are at the lower strata of economy. It is indeed important to focus on this group of people. Therefore, carrying out CSR activities to target population of all strata can be possible. Political theories of CSR: There are a number of theories of CSR that focus on the interaction and connection between the business and the power and position of the society. These CSR activities include both political as well as power position of business and its inherent responsibilities towards the society (Cornelissen 2014). The political theory of CSR can be distinguished under two broad divisions: Corporate constitutionalism: As it has been made evident by Davis, that role of power in the business has a vital role to play in shaping the organizational power in the society (Christensen et al. 2014). Thus, any kind of activity focusing on building a reputation in the society, CSR activities can be fruitful for the particular organization. Again, in the view point of Deng et al (2013), the social power of a firm does not only rely on the internal environment but on the external environment as well. Their locus is highly unstable and is constantly shifting from the social forum to other political forum (Cornelissen 2014). This has created the necessity of involving the firm in various CSR activities that will gain importance for the organization. Christensen et al. (2014) also argued that the concept of CSR activities is not only related to economic benefits of the organization but also to gain power and political dominance in the society. Integrated social contract theory: If the socio-cultural context of CSR activities is taken into account, it can be said that the aim of the CSR activities is to integrate the empirical and the normative aspects of management of an organization. These activities in fact offer a process in which the contracts among the various industries and departments as well as the economic systems can be legitimized (Cornelissen 2014). However, the social activities should always run following certain rules. These rules are called the hyper norms. These norms are also related to the religion, culture, and political as well as philosophical thought of the particular region. Sometimes, the organizations have to make contracts with the community for supporting authentic norms and community based legitimacies. Corporate citizenship: This theory also considers the corporation as a citizen and thus, it falls on the part of the corporation to consider certain factors that would impact the relationship between the business and the society. Considering the welfare of the society, it is important to carry out certain CSR activities. In this respect, Cornelissen (2014) commented that major organizations have been found to focus on various social activities that help the organization to create a positive reputation in the society. CSR as a business practice: As stated by Cheng et al. (2014), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become one of the most standard business practices in the recent time. Companies carrying out CSR activities mean kudos and result in enhancing the reputation of the organization. This kind of reputation holds a powerful statement in the contemporary cynical business world. In this respect, Singh (2016) pointed out that engaging in the policies and procedures where there remained prospective of operating in an integrated social, environmental and ethical way in a close collaboration with the stakeholders of the company. As a specific theory of interacting with the surrounding community and with the larger world as well, CSR activities can be broadly classified under four major obligations. The economic responsibility: As stated by Samuelson and Anderson (2014), economic responsibility to make money is the major obligation of the business version of the human survival instinct. Companies are doomed to perish if they do not make profit. CSR activities directly or indirectly help an organization to make profit. Legal responsibility: An organization has to come up with certain legal responsibilities that would not cause any kind of controversies in the social sphere. In order to create a positive faith on the particular organization, CSR activities hold great importance (Cornelissen 2014). Philanthropic responsibility: Good image can also be created in the social circumstances by performing certain philanthropic responsibilities. Contributing towards societys projects can lead to create a positive image of the particular organization. Sustainability approach: Focusing towards sustainability of environment is an important part of organizational activity (Samuelson and Anderson 2014). Sustainable approach also creates a long-term relationship in the social sphere where the organization operates. Cause-related marketing approach of CSR: The process of formulating and implementing the marketing activities which are attributed to contribute towards a specified amount of designated cause where the customers can be involved to engage in revenue are regarded as the cause-related advertising of CSR. This will ultimately result in the profitability of the organization. Building up customer relationship is indeed important because this way, brand recognition can be build (Carroll 2015). Several approaches by which a cause-related marketing can be made are by hosting musical concerts, coming up with certain charitable programs. It falls on the responsibility of the brand manager to come up with better approach to create a good reputation in the society. The cause-related advertising also creates a win-win situation for the organization and helps in creating a competitive advantage for the particular organization (Singh 2016). Examples of industries doing CSR activities: As stated by Carroll (2015), in the recent market situation, with the increasing impact of globalization and intense competition, providing great product and shopping experience are not enough to create a sufficient customer base. There should be certain activities from the part of the organizations that the customers keep coming back. This approach has been undertaken by almost every organization in the recent time. Some of the best examples of such organizations can be given here: Starbucks: The Company has been operating for more than four decades and has been always responsible towards the society since the beginning of their corporate activities. The Company has developed better ways of providing sustainable means of production of its coffee. Their leadership practice is accountable and provides economic and product quality (Greenbiz.com 2016). In addition to this, Starbucks also supports Ethos Water that provides clean water to billion people. Disney: Disney has gained its name in building reputation in the community. Reading Phys.org (2013), it has been evident that Disney has provided aid after the disastrous situation after natural calamities, like Earthquake occurred in 2010 in Haiti. Moreover, the production Company has also filmed to plant trees in the rain forest that has protected lives of thousands of acres of coral reef. TOMS Shoes: TOMS Shoes is another well known company that has come up with impressive works towards the society. The company is founded on the idea of giving back. It has been found that the Company has donated more than 10 million pairs of shoes that have extended their vision of care for the kids (Cheng et al. 2014). Google: In the view point of Zentes et al. (2017), Google has been doing CSR activities rightly. This search giant has made aggressive moves on multiple fronts towards good citizenship. For example, Google Green, a campaign undertaken by the Company has showed its true effort of creating aware towards utilizing resources effectively and at the same time has supported the use of renewable power resources. Recycling materials or by turning off the lights are the major approaches made by Google. Target: The Company has utilized the concept of Good Corporation Citizen in their day to day business activities. The Company has been found to put effort towards local and environmental support for the communities where they operate. The Company also plays an important role in sustainability approach as well. 5% of the Companys profit is directly invested for charitable purposes (Singh 2016). Conclusion: The complete discussion was based on the understanding of the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility for an organization. A detail approach has been undertaken to understand the importance of CSR in the recent market situation. Various theories and related literature review have been discussed in the paper. Examples of several organizations have been given that has supported the analysis present in the report. It has been found that carrying out CSR activities help an organization to gain competitive advantage in the society and the environment where it operates. In addition to this, building reputational impact is equally important along with providing good quality of product and services. Reference list: Carroll, A.B., 2015. Corporate social responsibility.Organizational Dynamics,44, pp.87-96. Cheng, B., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2014. Corporate social responsibility and access to finance.Strategic Management Journal,35(1), pp.1-23. Christensen, L.J., Mackey, A. and Whetten, D., 2014. Taking responsibility for corporate social responsibility: The role of leaders in creating, implementing, sustaining, or avoiding socially responsible firm behaviors.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(2), pp.164-178. Cornelissen, J., 2014.Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Deng, X., Kang, J.K. and Low, B.S., 2013. Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder value maximization: Evidence from mergers.Journal of Financial Economics,110(1), pp.87-109. Greenbiz.com 2016, Why Starbucks issued its first 'sustainability' bond Available at: https://www.greenbiz.com/article/why-starbucks-issued-its-first-sustainability-bond [Accessed on 10-1-2016] Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), pp.20-37. Phys.org, 2013, Does corporate social responsibility marketing work? It depends who and where you are Available at: https://phys.org/news/2016-12-corporate-social-responsibility.html [Accessed on 10-1-2016] Samuelson, P.A. and Anderson, H.C., 2014. corporate social responsibility.Morality and the Market (Routledge Revivals): Consumer Pressure for Corporate Accountability, p.43. Singh, B.J.R., 2016. Corporate social responsibility in India.International Journal of Higher Education Research Development,1(1). Zentes, J., Morschett, D. and Schramm-Klein, H., 2017. Corporate Social Responsibility. InStrategic Retail Management(pp. 207-226). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.

New Light On The Olmec Essays - Mesoamerica,

New Light on the Olmec The Olmec were Mesoamerica's first civilization. They were located in Laguna de los Cerros, tres Zapotes, San Lorenzo, La Venta, and the Tuxtla Mountains, in Mexico. The purpose of this report is to show how the Olmec lived, their beliefs, and their spectacular art. The Olmec were a mother culture to later civilizations. The culture of the Olmec started in Mexico's Gulf Coast between 1200 and 1400 B.C , approximately between the Trojan war, and the golden age of Athens, and ended about 3000 years ago. The Olmec were among the first Americans to design ritual centres and raise earthen pyramids. On the pyramids there were statues which were strategically placed as a shrine. As the Olmec culture gradually developed some Olmec villages grew strong and powerful, while others were less fortunate. The villages shared their resources, such as rubber and basalt. The Olmec had different social ranks, from workers such as fishers, farmers, traders and specialists such as artisans and sculptors, to rulers. Rulers were individuals who had the power to float basalt down the river and to commission colossal statues and other public work. The Olmec farmed and ate corn. They also ate shellfish, fish, turtles, beans, deer, and dog. Perhaps the most spectacular trait of the Olmec were that they used hieroglyphs. They used hieroglyphs to record dates, events, and to tell stories. Although the Olmec were hard workers they still had time for a ceremonial ball game. The Olmec had many beliefs. Among these beliefs were chaneques which were dwarf trixters who lived in water falls. They also had their own beliefs in cosmology. The Olmec had natural shrines devoted to the hill on which the shrine was located and the water. The Olmec were believed to have a corn god. Jaguars were also worshipped religiously, perhaps because the jaguar was the most powerful predator. The Olmec believed that the jaguar brought rain. The men would sacrifice blood to the jaguar, wear masks, dance, and crack whips to imitate the sound of thunder. This ritual was done in May. The Olmec also made offerings of jade figures to the jaguar. The Olmec had early achievements in art. Perhaps the most incredible findings from the Olmec culture are the sculptures. The Olmec used wood, basalt and jade to make the statues. The wooden artifacts are said to be the oldest in Mesoamerica. The Olmec used basalt to make colossal heads. The size of these heads ranged from 5 feet to 11 feet tall. Some say the heads represent sacrificial offering. Others think they portray the elite Olmec ancestors. These heads have also been interpreted as being warriors or ball players. Basalt was also used to carve thrones. The Olmec used art to glorify rulers by making them monuments of super natural creatures to portray them such as part human, part beast. The beast was usually the jaguar. It is believed that these monuments were annihilated after the death of the leader. The figurines made of jade were small and sexless. Some of the more elaborate statues wore extensive headdress with a long train, and rectangular chest plates, sat cross-legged, leaned forward and looked straight ahead. In conclusion the Olmec, Mesoamerica's first civilization were a mother culture to other civilizations. They had many beliefs, and had early achievements in elaborate art. The article, "New light on the Olmec," was an interesting article but it was very repetitive. It is scarcely recommended.